Knowledge by IT tools

 Central processing unit(CPU):-

CPU is the brain of any computer system. In a human body,all major decisions are taken by the brain and all other parts of the body function as directed by the brain.
  • Similarly,in a computer system,all major calculations, manipulations and comparisons,are made by CPU. The CPU is also responsible by all other units of the computer system.

All calculations including comparisons are made by the ALU. The data and instructions,stored in the primary memory to processing,are transferred to the ALU where processing takes place.
Control unit(CU):-

CU is the "boss" and coordinated all of the CPU's activities.
Note:- CPU control by the flow of data.

Memory and storage unit:- 

It is called Random Access Memory (RAM).
It temporarily stores data, programs,and intermediate and final results of processing.So,it acts as a temporary storage area that holds the data temporarily,which is used to run the computer.



Hard disk is a device used for mass storage of data.The data stored on a Hard Disk can be retrieved at a very fast speed,being a direct address device.Unlike floppiest ,cds,etc.

  • You cannot easily remove Hard Disk from a pc.

Solid-State Drive(SSD):-

SSD(Solid state drive) is also a non-volatile storage medium thar is used to hold and access data. Unlike a hard drive, it does not have moving components,so it offers many advantages over SSD,such as faster access time, noiseless operation,less power consumption,and more.
  • As the cost of SSD has comedown,it has become an ideal replacement for a standard hard drive in desktop top and laptop computers.It is also suitable for notebooks ,and tablets that don't require lots of storage.


Use laser technology to read and write data on silver platters.

Compact Disc(CD):- Can store 650MB to 800MB of information and data.CD ROM(Read Only Memory) can only read data from a CD-ROM.

  • You can store data on a CD only if you have a CD burner and CD-R(writable)
  • or CD-RW(rewritable) CD.

DVD(Digital Versatile Disc):-

It is the size of a regular CD and can be played in a regular in a DVD movie player.
  • DVD can store 4.8GB to 8.0GB of information and data. DVD-ROM is readable only (a movie DVD).
  • You can store data on a DVD only if you have a DVD burner and 
  • DVD+R/OVD-R(writable).
               Pen drive:-
USB(Universal Serial Bus)

Pen drive is a compact secondary storage device.It is also known as a USB flash connects to a computer via a jump drive.It is commonly used to store and transfer data between computer.

(Secure Digital Card)

SD card stands for secure Digital Card.It is most often used in portable and mobile devices such as smartphone and digital cameras.Yiu can remove it from your device and see the things stored in it using a computer with a card readers.

Cache memory:-

The data or content of the main memory that are used frequently by CPU are stored in the cache memory ,that the processor can easily access that data in a shorter time.Whenever
the CPU needs to access memory,it first check the cache memory, if the data is not found in cache memory, then the CPU moves into the main memory.Cache memory is placed between the CPU and the main memory.The cache is the fastest component in the memory hierarchy and approaches the speed of CPU Components.
 
The basic operation of a cache memory is as follows:-
  • When the CPU needs to access memory,the cache is examined.If the word is found in the cache,it is ready from the fast memory.If the word addressed by the CPU is not found in the cache,the main memory is accessed to read the word.
  • The performance of the cache memory is frequently measured in teams of a quantity called but ratia.
  • When the CPU refers to memory and finds the word in cache,it is said to produce a hit.
  • If the word is not found in the cache,it is in main memory and it counts as a miss.

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